Are we alone in the universe?

The scientific studies about intelligent alien civilizations are a little bit unknown for the great audience. From the OZMA message from the 1960s, the study has become more scientific and the tools are better. The problem with the research of the ETI (Extraterrestrial Intelligence) is sometimes attitudes. Jokes about "Little Green Men" are the thing that is sometimes making the life of people who are working in SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) difficult. Also, there is the possibility that somebody doesn't tell everything. 

Also explanations for those signals like they are comets or questions "do you believe in "little green men" or "have you eaten some mushroom before you came here?" are things that are making the life of those researchers difficult. 

When we are telling jokes about the "little green men". We forget that there are many green reptilians on earth. Green mamba as an example is green.  The fact is that there is the possibility to make hybrid cells like skin cells that involve chlorophyll molecules. 

The genetic engineers must just connect the DNA sequence that makes the vegetable cells to make the chlorophyll molecules. So genome technology makes it possible to make hybrid organisms that skin can use photosynthesis. The photosynthetic skin would be green because chlorophyll molecules are green. 

When we are talking about "alien signals" that term means "signal which source is unknown". Or it means the "signal which has unknown component". like unusual frequency or some other unknown forms. The term UFO means the "Unidentified Flying Object". That thing involves many things like aircraft with a strange shape. 

Image II: Green mamba

There is no confirmed contact with alien civilizations. There is a couple of strange radio signals what are promising. But the problem with those signals is that they are unique. And some of them are recorded by using old fashion systems. 

And then we must describe what alien means? There is the possibility that the alien has an extraterrestrial origin. But it might have a terrestrial origin. The genetic experiments and powerful computers which are running complicated artificial intelligence might create a creature. That is filling the definition of "alien". Term alien technology means the technical advance that is unknown and surprising. 

When we are making things like genetic engineering we can create intelligent creatures that are far away from us.  We can cross the species by connecting the DNA. The creators of Artificial Intelligence can also create a creature that can be "alien".  If a robot starts to fight does it know what it does? Fights are only a series of movements and actions for robots. 

The AI can be a threat

There are many fictional stories about the criminal AI that makes crimes and dangers the life of people. The AI doesn't itself make crimes like burglaries. The AI makes the things that its programmers and controllers want.

If we want to say that alien is the creature that can make controlled actions that have a purpose we can say that the things like Artificial Intelligence are aliens. But if artificial intelligence does something does it know what it is doing? If we are thinking about the case that the abandoned alien spacecraft arrives in our solar system that kind of thing can be very dangerous. 

In most of the visions, the extraterrestrials are sending the unmanned probe to research our solar system. There are also visions that the programmers of the crafts that are using the AI for controlling just forget to program the approaching and slowing method of the interstellar probe. And that probe with a mass of about 100000 tonnes. Will smash to our planet at a speed of about 30% of the speed of light. 

In some visions, those kinds of crafts are equipped with AI-controlled robots. Which have the mission to protect their crew. The purpose of those robots might make the base suitable planets. And they might be programmed to defend their area. Or in some other visions, the hypothetical aliens would make mistakes. 

So the crew abandoned their craft because for some reason like a malfunction in hyperdrive. And then they forgot to activate the self-destruction or maybe they just programmed craft to fly to the base. 

The journey would take a couple of thousands of years. And then the craft arrives in our solar system between the threaded branches of the Milky Way. The crew might just forget to turn off the defense and in that case, the robots might believe that they are protecting the living crew. So that thing can cause dangerous situations. 

https://www.seti.org/project-ozma

Image II:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Green_Mamba_cropped.JPG/786px-Green_Mamba_cropped.JPG

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The small addition to the qutrit teleportation text

This is a small addition to the qutrit teleportation text. The idea of this test agreement is that the annealing of the first chamber is transported to another chamber. And the easiest way to make that thing is just making the quantum annealing of the quantum fog in chamber 1. Resonate the particles of quantum fog in chamber 2. 

Researchers can create that quantum superposition by using two similar particle groups. When the first particle group will get the energy that thing will resonate with the particles in the second chamber. The term superposition or quantum teleportation means. The oscillation of those particles is transferred to other particles.

In the cases of electromagnetic fields, superposition means that two electromagnetic fields are oscillating with the same frequency. When two electromagnetic fields are facing and their wavelength is the same but the other is stronger. The stronger electromagnetic field would synchronize the lower energetic field with it. And they are starting to oscillate with the same frequency. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition

The difference between binary and ternary computing is very simple to explain. 

The quantum computer or qubit is the tower where each of the layers is like a binary computer. But what if the binary system in that kind of replaced by using the ternary system. That will increase its power. 

Driving the code in a binary system looks like this: 

Program code 1(HALT)Program code 2(HALT)Program code 2(HALT)...

The "HALT" is the separator that tells the computer to stop because the code line of the program ended. And the processor must be stopped to take the next code line. And after that, the processor will tell to the sender that is ready for driving the next program or code line. 

In the binary system, the computer has only two positions. The number 1 (one) means that the electricity is traveling in the wire. And number 0 (zero) means that electricity is off. This thing makes that system slow. The reason for that is that the system needs to separate different bit lines from each other. 

So the program must have a sub-program (HALT) that stops the computer before it gets a new code line for handling. The problem with computers are they quantum or binary computers is that the layer that receives the new code line or program must stop before it can receive the next code line. 

The sender must confirm that the layer is ready for transmission. When the code line is ending there is involved the HALT code that tells the program ends. Then the layer sends the mark that it's ready for the next program and that thing takes time. 

In the ternary system, the number 2 will tell that the program is ended. In the ternary system in the place of number two is 10. The thing that the program itself tells the sender that its code line ended makes the system more powerful. There is the possibility that the data line will route that way that there are no conflicts. And that thing makes the BizTalk unnecessary. This thing will turn quantum computers and binary computers more powerful. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/2021/10/quantum-physicists-are-teleported.html

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Quantum physicists are teleported "qutrits" for the first time.

Image I

Qutrits are giving superpowers for a quantum system.

Qutrits are giving superpowers for a quantum system. In the most conventional case, the data is transported in the form of qutrit. But if the computer or quantum computer starts to use a ternary system that makes them even faster than they are. The ternary system allows making the virtual layers inside every state of the qubit.

Qutrit or quantum trit is the cubit equivalent of a triangular number system, the ternary system. A trit is the bit equivalent in a ternary system. And that means if the quantum computer uses qutrits their power will increase. 

X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X

The qutrit(1) can give extreme power to quantum computers. 

The qutrit means that the quantum computer uses the ternary numeric system in each layer(2). That will give the quantum computer extreme power in data handling. 

Normal quantum computers use qubits where the data is packed in many layers. The idea is that the system transmits data by using many layers at the same time. But each layer is using a binary system. 

This means that a qubit-based quantum computer is only the group of binary computers that are cutting their mission in the pieces. And share it with many machines. 

But if the system uses qutrits each layer of the quantum system uses the qutrits the system uses a ternary system. And the ternary system allows making the system that uses virtual qubits. 

A binary system means that a number comes after one. So in the natural binary system used numbers are 1 and 10.  Natural ternary system the system uses numbers 1,2, and 10. In numeric systems, the number ten is the changer.

In a computer, binary numeric system markings are 0 and 1. 

Zero means the gate is closed. 

Number 1 means that electricity or data is traveling in the system. That means the system has two states: on and off. 

In computers, ternary system markings are (0,1,2). The ternary system will make computing faster. The third number allows using so-called stop-bit. In that version, the ternary system uses number 2 as the separator between data lines. 

But there is a more powerful method in the ternary computing system. And that is that the system will send the data to the upper layer or share it with internal qubits in the layer. In that kind of system, the qutrit is acting as the virtual qubit in each layer of the quantum computer. 

In the computer ternary numeric system, the system uses three numbers (0,1,2). That thing makes it possible to use the third determinator in programming. In a binary system, the gate is open or it is closed.  

Or the router can be in two positions and select route one or route two. The ternary system allows that the router can route data by using three routes. Or the gate can also transfer data to the upper level. 

That means when the state of the ternary system gets 0 or 1. The system acts like a normal computer. But if the value is three the system sends the data to the upper level. 

X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-

Diagrams of the ternary system: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system)

The idea is that there are qubits or qutrits in two chambers. Then the oscillation of those qubits would synchronize by using those bottles or chambers. The idea is that those qutrits or qubits are made in quantum fog inside those chambers. 

Long-term data transmission through the air between two quantum systems is needed radio transmitter. As an example, the five-layer qubit requires five radio frequencies. The system will send data for each layer of a qubit by using those frequencies at the same time. And each qubit layer has its own radiofrequency.

There is the possibility to transmit data through the air in long distances between quantum computers by using radio waves quite easily. In that system every, layer of the qubit has its radiofrequency. So in the five-layer qubit, the system uses five radio frequencies for transmitting the data between qubits. 

The data will send through the air by using radio transmitters. And then the receiving part will drive that data to the qubit. The skyrmions might be suitable for driving the data in the qubit. 

Then that annealing will transfer to the chamber and send to another chamber. If those chambers are identical the oscillation will transfer to the quantum fog. In another version, the qubits will superposition through the air from the first chamber to another. 

The difference between the second and the first case is in the direction where the oscillation comes. In the first case, the energy for annealing the particles will mean that the reaction in chamber 1. Which is transmitting chamber will get the oscillation frequency from inside out. 

And the second chamber that is receiving chamber will send the oscillation wave movement from the outside to inside. And in the second version, the superposition will create straight between the quantum fog inside chambers. That chamber is needed for driving data to the radio transmitters. 

https://phys.org/news/2019-08-complex-quantum-teleportation.html

https://www.thespaceacademy.org/2021/10/quantum-physicists-have-teleported.html?m=1

(1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutrit

(2)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system

Image I:https://www.sciencenews.org/article/quantum-physicists-teleported-qutrits-first-time

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Why computing is a unique thing in business and the environment?

The "open source" is the new thing in the R&D process.

The term "open source" means the use the open data where everybody has access to the development process. The data is collected from the Internet. In the next step, the developer will modify it to the product. The developer can be a single person, or it can be a group of people. 

We might say that the Internet is the great gold mine of information. It offers big data that is not sorted but freely accessible. The developer must only need the right search words for sorting the data that the developer person wants and need to get the needed data for the project. 

There is a lot of data on machinery, sciences, and especially programming. So the internet allows getting all data that people need for their programming. 

Software development benefits the "open source" of all free access information. 

The thing is that programming doesn't need anything more than skills. That means everybody can learn programming languages. And start to make programs and algorithms. That means almost everybody can turn to the developer. And if they are working in the home by using own computers outside their working time. 

Nobody even knows that they are developers. And the other thing in business architecture that makes computing unique is that it is like a "necessary but unseen" thing. So for other business architecture, the development of computing has the same position as a stepson. That means the bosses are giving orders and then the development team makes the thing that is needed. 

So the thing in computing is that it's against the standard business models. 

The standard business model is that everything is controlled from upstairs. The model is that the head of the company is giving orders and resources. And then the henchmen are making the things real. But the thing in computing is that the work that those people are making is mostly virtual. The programmer might make the code by using even Notepad, and then the programmer copy-pastes the code to the programming editor. And then that person must make the normal debugging process and remove errors. 

The thing in the R&D process of software is nobody controls that thing. The R&D in the things like artificial intelligence is self-controlled. That means the people who are ruling the business environment cannot do anything for those processes. They might kick those developers out, but they cannot make anything for the developing process itself. 

Everybody can buy their PC and make code what they want. And that means the people who are not using the computers owned by some third party. Nobody can affect to processes that are made by those computers.  The editors can be found on the internet.  

The "open source" software development is one of the most interesting things in the world. 

At the beginning of this text, I wrote that "open source" is more than some programming. The real term for "open source" development could be "open engineering". 

Many people think that "open source development" is only some kind of Linux development. The fact is that Linux development is only one part of the large sector called "open source" development. 

We should describe the "open source development" as the development where is used open literature and open Internet sources. There is lots of data on the internet that is waiting for its finders. But getting access to that data requires that we know the right words for searching those things. 

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

China's new quantum computer has a million times the power of Google's.

 

China's new quantum computer is the most powerful calculation unit in the world some researchers say. And that thing makes quantum computers very interesting. The Chinese quantum system is programmable and that makes it flexible. The thing in quantum computers is that they are turning more common. And they are the most powerful tools for driving artificial intelligence. 

The new quantum systems mean that the data security of the internet is dangered. And there is the possibility that the main part of the protection based on RSA cryptography will break soon. Or are already broken. The AI is a powerful tool. And even the researchers of that thing are not know all its capacities. 

The AI can observe areas if it is connected with a sensing neural network. That means the AI can search for things like common clothes. It can find out the favorite color of skirts of certain ethnic groups. But it can also search is there some common clothes like a certain type of slips. That people wear in demonstrations. 

And another thing that AI can use is to search genetic data. The genetic information is telling that is there some ethnic groups that are involving the demonstrations more often than some other groups. The AI can find out, what kind of person will win the beauty contests. It can search the typical details of the faces and other parts of the body of people who win those contests. 

The AI and genetics

Artificial intelligence can make many things that were impossible in the past possible. Artificial intelligence can control drone swarms. But it can also search the details of the DNA. So the quantum computer-driven AI can also operate as the assistant for searching similarities in the human DNA. And maybe that ability is making it possible to search the history of mankind in the point of way of genetics. 

The interesting thing might be who first ruled ancient people? And when the proto-society start to separate into different ethnic groups? That kind of thing can also find out by using AI which has powerful platforms. 

https://interestingengineering.com/chinas-new-quantum-computer-has-1-million-times-the-power-of-googles

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The galactic civilizations

Futuristic alien city

The galactic civilizations or Kardashev scale 3 civilizations are the speculations of the models of advancing intelligent lifeforms. And I certainly hope that humans would someday in the future after thousands of years reach this scale. But the fact is that before species would turn to galactic or even interstellar scale civilization it must first conquer its solar system. 

That is the first step for conquer the entire universe. But for taking the first step in the Kardashev scale the species must have the motive to make that kind of step. Making the bases to other planets is not cheap. And that's why there must be some kind of motive for that kind of investment. 

One of the reasons why the civilization would want to establish bases and then cities to other planets could be the lack of raw materials and then overpopulation. The thing is that making the cities for ordinary people who have no training for space operations is a little bit different thing than making the base for maybe 20-50 highly-trained specialists. 

If the species want to solve the problems of overpopulation by dumping its people into space. That requires extreme high-class construction skills and also huge investments in technology.

Even the cities with a population of millions are not solving the problems of planetary-scale overpopulation. But creating large-scale bases for the other planets can cause the chain reaction that makes civilization take the next step in the Kardashev scale and conquer the other solar system. 

There can be two types of population in the civilization of tomorrow. The spaceship crew that ever land to planets. 

Those creatures might awaken during the journey. And the crew that is landing on planets. The last ones might travel in deep hypothermia or frozen in zero degrees kelvin. 

The scale of the universe is enormous. And that means if there is no faster-than-light technology the journeys between solar systems take a very long time. So the advantage of that kind of civilization can be that there are two types of citizens. 

The population that lives in the spacecraft all their life. And the population that lives on planets. Maybe the last ones are traveling between solar systems in deep hypothermia. And during those journeys, the generations of the ship crew are chancing. 

The thing is that there are lots of resources in the solar systems. But resources are not endless. And sooner or later all asteroids are used in artificial worlds and cities that are under giant domes. So the civilization would start to move to another solar system. In that case, there could be other civilizations that might resist those conquerors. 

And that can begin the star wars. The war between civilizations is not a very nice thing. The weapons that those civilizations use might be antimatter clouds and mega-lasers that can terminate entire stars. In some scenarios, the Kardashev II-scale civilization would be the biggest threat to other civilizations. 

That kind of civilization might trust its technology and skills so much that it can try to sweep other civilizations away from it. The thing is that if two civilizations are on the same technical level. That thing might force them to discuss things. And maybe death stars and antimatter cannons are helping to make bridges between civilizations. But the future might show the future of the human race? Is it bright or is it dark? The choice is us. Or our descendants. And we cannot see the future. We can just try to predict it. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

Virgin Galactic space shuttle

Space tourism is opening the road to solar system-scale operations and stable bases at other planets. 

Space tourism is making it possible to create technology that allows non-trained persons to fly at orbiter. Those kinds of systems are needed in the most dangerous moments of space trips. The lifting-off and return are the most dangerous moments in space travel. 

Space tourism can be the key to conquering the entire solar system. Today the space tourist's journeys take quite a short time. The future can be different. And some companies are creating plans for space hotels where people could stay longer time. 

That thing can cause some kind of changes in the proteins of neurons. The article below this part of the text highlights that there are no structural damages in brains. 

The thing is that the astronauts are staying in ISS for about 4-5 months. And the space tourist spends there about 1-2 hours. So the brain damages might be not so large as they could. 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931125

Image:https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/virgin-galactic-richard-branson

https://aboutspaceandtech.blogspot.com/

The AI and computer games

Computer games are offering a good platform for simulating many types of situations where  AI can involve. The game platform might contain man-controlled characters. And AI-controlled characters. 

In those cases, the system and programmers are testing the interaction between physical players and artificial intelligence. The conditions in the game area are not always similar to nature. The communication between physical players and AI is always problematic.

And the reason for that is that AI cannot flex. In the hierarchical system, those kinds of things are causing problems. The reason for that is if the AI must take commands from all human players. That thing makes those characters vulnerable. 

The games which have limited 2D gaming areas like chess are the cases where the AI is always winning humans. The reason for that is that AI ever loses focus. The rules in chess are strict. And they are easy to program for AI. Chess is a solo game where two players are playing against each other. 

But in the games where the key element is teamwork, the AI has problems. It must not react to all words that are said during communication. Otherwise, the AI must react to orders but it must separate orders from the other discussions. The 3D teamwork-based action games can use as the platforms for creating algorithms that make it possible that the robot is working as part of the team.

In the cases that artificial intelligence is operating against a human player, there are no problems. But when artificial intelligence is operating as a part of a team there is a problem. When people are communicating with each other there is always communication. That doesn't mean that the communication includes commands. 

But games are far away from real-life situations where robots and humans are acting together. In games, there is no extra noise. There is no real stress. And all things that players are saying are said clear. In real life dangers like military, high-risk law enforcement, or rescue missions. The speech of people can be unclear. 

And the things like noise and electronic countermeasures can cause problems with communication. Electronic countermeasures are the thing that makes remote control unable to operate at the war zone. So for avoiding the electronic countermeasures. The robots must operate independently. 

The microphones can use to give commands to robots. Giving voice commands is not more difficult than giving commands to humans. The system will transmit speech to the "speech to text" application. Then that text is transmitted to the computer. In this version of the command system, the keyboard is replaced by the "speech to text" application.

The problem with this kind of system is that the keyboard is more accurate than some "speech to text" applications. The computer systems require precisely given commands. And if the person uses dialect or has some other problems with vocabulary the system has difficulties understanding the commands. 

In visions, the commands for robots are given by using the coded radios. This technology makes the operations safer. But that requires clear commands. In this writing, the focus is on independent operating robots. So the operators must give commands to robots similar way as they command other humans. 

Theoretically, those kinds of systems are already in use. But in real life, people are not talking like they should. So people are not compatible with computer systems.  

And the other thing is that independently operating artificial intelligence requires complicated programming code. The simplest solution is to outsource the data handling process to central computers. 

And the robot can interact with supercomputers over the internet. But in the war zone, electronic countermeasures can cut that communication channel. So the independently operating robot requires the internal supercomputer for driving complicated code. Making a compact-size man-looking robot that has internal powerful data processing unit is complicated. And today those systems are at least partially at the theoretical level. 

That is the reason why there are projects. Which goal is to make miniaturized microcircuits and atomic-sized quantum computers. Those atomic quantum computers are the atomic clouds where atoms are acting as qubits. And miniaturized electronics are the ports that are making ports between binary and quantum systems. 

The quantum system is making the brains of the robot. And the binary system is moving its joints. In those systems, every joint in the skeleton of the robot has its independent microchip. Maybe someday those systems are real and their size is small enough that they can install in the man-size robot. But those times are far ahead in the future. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

What are the real capabilities of Dyson Sphere?

When we are thinking about a megastructure. Called Dyson Sphere, we might ask is it sometimes possible. The fact is that if that megastructure will be made in real life. That requires an enormous mass of material. There is needed more than one planet's material for making that hypothetical megastructure. '''' The idea is that the megastructure rotates and that thing helps to make artificial gravitation. 

The energy supply for Dyson Sphere can solve by using the natural or artificial star in the middle of it. There could be possible that in the cores of the structures is installed nanotechnical dynamos. Between opposite moving floors of the Dyson Sphere. And those generators can be used to make an electric supply for that Dyson Sphere. 

If we are thinking about the Death Star from Star Wars movies as the form of Dyson Sphere we can think that it can use the black hole as the energy source. That means the Death Star is giving an extremely powerful energy load to the target. But then we can continue to think about a megastructure that can close the entire solar system in it that system gives very large-scale capacities for the structure. 

The Dyson Sphere can collect and position ions in the middle of it. And then that system can press those ions together by using a very powerful magnetic field. And that thing makes it possible to create artificial stars inside that giant megastructure. But is there still what people don't tell about the capacities of the ball-shaped gigantic space station?

There is the possibility that the quantum field inside that ball-shaped structure will pull out. That stretch of quantum field means that the time dilation inside the ball-shaped structure is turning weaker. And the time will travel faster than outside Dyson Sphere. 

So if the quantum fields are removed the time starts to travel faster. If the time is traveling fast enough that thing causes that outside observer to see things like trees are growing in the moment. There is one fascinating thing that is connected with human cloning. In the area where the time is started to move faster can make humans and educate them normally. The observer who is at the area where time is moving slower sees that the people are growing in seconds. But that thing requires that the quantum fields are weak enough. 

Theoretically is possible to pull the quantum field larger by using outside systems that pull that quantum field bigger. And if the energy flow to that area is denied. This thing makes it possible to create humans in that area. If we would stand outside the stretched quantum field we would see people growing in front of our eyes. But if we would be in the middle of that "bubble of nothingness".We would see that speed of time is the same as it would be in a normal universe. 

https://medium.com/predict/are-the-wonders-called-dyson-spheres-really-possible-571082b5fe7b

Image:https://medium.com/predict/are-the-wonders-called-dyson-spheres-really-possible-571082b5fe7b

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The problem with AI is that it cannot flex

Artificial intelligence is smart. But the cooperation of AI and others is not so good as it should be. The problem with artificial intelligence is that it doesn´t flex with regulations. One way to demonstrate this thing is to think of the driver who is always following the law. 

If there is a "stop" sign at the crossroads that thing shows that another car has the right of way. But the problem is in cases where the AI-controlled vehicle has the right to first. What if another vehicle is near the crossing point and doesn't slow or stop? If the AI cannot flex. That means it would cause an impact. 

The problem with the programming of the AI is what kind of actions involve its programming. The traffic regulations are the thing that requires that everybody follow them. But what if somebody doesn't care about rules. And doesn't care about the "stop" sign? 

When artificial intelligence operates it doesn't use imagination. So it predicts that also all other people are following the rules. But the situation is different in real life. In real life, we are facing situations where we must flex. But the question is: how to tell the machine that it should flex in some situations?

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Fuzzy logic

The idea of fuzzy logic is that it makes machines like a robot working smoothly and more flexible. The system has the main action like the walker has the right to go before the vehicle. But then there are sub-determinators like the distance and speed of the oncoming vehicle when the robot should let the vehicle go before it. 

In the airfields, fuzzy logic used computers might have determinators what makes them lead the aircraft to the runway. Normally the system just follows the row and uses runways simultaneously. But in the cases of emergency, that system can let the aircraft pass the row. 

That kind of thing can make aviation safer. Even if the computers are not leading the aircraft to ground independently they can show the necessary information for air traffic controllers. That data can involve things like information on the free runway. And the system can send the rescue crew to that runway.

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We all know that the walker should go first in all cases when the road is needed to cross. But the fact is that if the walking robot is about one meter ahead of the car and it doesn't have regulations what is the safe distance of the vehicle when the robot can cross the road. It walks just under the vehicle. 

The answer to that problem is called fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic means that the system has no strict orders for that kind of thing. The parameter for crossing the road goes that the walker must always let go before the vehicle. But then the programming of the robot has the values like distances and speed of the incoming vehicle. Those determine the exceptions for the main rule. 

Those exceptions are making the AI-driven robot smart and flexible. The thing is that the system as the rules what to do in certain cases. But then some sub-determinators are adjusting the actions. In cases like the vehicle is near the robot. 

The fifth fundamental interaction is at the door.

 

The LHC tests have supported the Brookhaven and Fermilab Muon g-2 experiments. And there is the possibility that the fifth natural force or fundamental interaction has existed. The form of the fifth force needs description before that result can use for something. 

If the observation cannot do for something that thing means nothing. In the case of the fifth force before interaction has been described. That thing is the same as nothing. Making formulas in the world of quantum mechanics requires very high accuracy. 

Or description is needed when the scientists are making their models for the interactions. The most interesting thing in the suspected fifth force is what is the transportation particles of it. 

So the knowledge of the existence of some force is not enough. For using that knowledge there is needed the knowledge of the form of that thing. Also, the strength of the force compared to other forces must describe before it can use for formulas that are describing quantum level interactions. 

There are two possibilities about the form of the fifth force. 

1)The fifth force is so weak that all other forces are covering it.

2)The fifth force is so strong and dominating that we cannot recognize it.

 

In description should determine which part of the atom or subatomic structures the fifth natural force makes interact. In some very interesting theories. The reason why we haven't seen the fifth force earlier. Is that it interacts straight between quantum fields. In that model, the quantum fields are making the connection between each other. And that would explain why that thing has not been seen before.

The fifth force is detected because there is an anomaly in the trajectory of muons. The tests are made by using extremely high accuracy. There is always the possibility that there was a measurement error. But when we are observing that thing. The question is does the trajectory of muons fit the calculated marginal? 

The question about the lack of confirmed transportation particles could have many answers. One is that the transportation particle of the predicted fifth force is so small that it cannot detect. In another version, the transportation particle is riding with some other transportation particles of the four forces. 

So could the fifth force be an interaction between the transportation particles of the four fundamental interactions? That means it could be far more interesting than nobody thought. 

Can there be a force that has no transportation particle? Can the channel between quantum fields replace the transportation particle? The key question is how the interaction could form without transportation particles? 

But what is the particle which quantum field the fifth force uses? Is it the quantum field of protons, electrons, quarks, or even the entire atom? Or is there some kind of transportation particle of that force that existed? The universe is one of the most interesting places in the world. There might be many particles that are waiting for their founder. 

https://home.cern/science/physics/standard-model

https://news.sky.com/story/a-fifth-fundamental-force-of-physics-has-been-suggested-by-muon-experiment-12269355

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-may-have-discovered-new-force-of-nature-in-lhc-experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

Image:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Nukes in space

 Nukes in space 

Nukes in space 

The fact is that the weapon systems might already be positioned to the orbiter. The FOBS (Fractional Orbital Bombardment Systems) is the biggest threat, what people can imagine. The problem is that FOBS weapons are not necessarily big. The 250 mm. nuclear grenade can also be used as the FOBS weapon. 

The grenade can install in the satellite or small-size shuttle.  The shuttle allows that the nuclear warhead can return to home. Some of the FOBS weapons are presumed to be single-use lasers. These powerful lasers use nuclear bombs to pump energy into laser elements. If the laser element is installed in a neutron bomb. That thing is not very big. 

Polyus spacecraft.

The Soviet Polyus project was one of the first attempts to make a spacecraft that can transport nuclear weapons to the orbiter. And if those weapons are not needed. That craft can collect those weapons back and return to base. There is the possibility that the Polyus was some kind of laser weapon. 

If that thing is true it could be a carbon monoxide laser. That uses the acetylene light for making power for that vehicle. But there is the possibility that around the laser element is also the small nuclear weapons that can give it extremely high power. 

In some visions, the energy will pump to the high-power laser by using nuclear bombs. The nuclear detonators will install around the laser element, and that thing is giving that kind of laser very high power. The Soviet Polyus program can be a hybrid system. The same body can use to deliver space mines. 

The term nuclear mine means small nuclear weapons are delivered to the orbiter. And then detonate. There is the possibility that inside some neutron bombs are put the laser element. Those weapons can destroy targets deep inside the atmosphere.  The problem with nuclear lasers is that they are single-used systems. 

But the main part of the Polyus system can also be the laser that has the acetylene light for "conventional use" and the nuclear bomb for the high power. If the main body of Polyus is used as single-shot nuclear-powered lasers that thing gives it very much power. In that case, the energy ray will hit to ground. 

The miniature shuttles are good vehicles for carrying nuclear weapons. 

The shuttle can use as the kamikaze. In the cargo bay of the miniature, the shuttle can install a nuclear weapon. Or the nuke can shoot from the cargo bay by using a rocket. 

The thing is that small-size "surgical" nuclear weapons like neutron bombs can also drop from the satellite. Orbital vehicles can be good platforms for carrying also conventional bombs. Those weapons can deliver through the atmosphere. 

They can use as regular bombs that are slowing in the atmosphere under the heat shield. Things like quadcopters can deliver through the atmosphere under the heat shield. 

And tose remote-controlled drones might install weapons like machine guns or centrifugal guns. The Centrifugal gun is the rotating plate. On that plate will drop the ball-shaped metal bites. The threat is that those quadcopters can eliminate individual persons from the streets. 

Killer satellites and nuclear weapons

Another version of the orbital weapons is the killer satellite. The killer satellite can be a regular satellite that is impacting other satellites. In modern visions, killer satellites can equip with lasers and other DEW (Directed Energy Weapons.). Those satellites can terminate other satellites very effectively. So there is one very good way to destroy them all. That thing is to detonate nuclear weapons in space.

In some scenarios, nuclear weapons will detonate at the orbital trajectory. That thing will eliminate a large number of satellites on all sides of the conflict. Also, nuclear weapons will increase the energy in the Van Allen belt. And that thing makes that area useless for satellites and radio-frequency communication through that area is impossible. 

There are plans that the satellites could smash away from orbiter by using thermonuclear weapons. After that, the replacing satellites will shoot to the orbiter. And those satellites can use laser systems for communication. That thing will eliminate the effect of high-energetic plasma. But the EMP and other radiation can be devastating for the satellites.  

There is introduced an idea that there will position the nuclear weapons at orbiter. And when the enemy starts the attack those nuclear detonators will explode at the front of those incoming warheads. The idea is that the EMP pulse will terminate the warheads. The fireball and neutron effects can also detonate incoming warheads before they reach the target. 

The source of the EMP (Electromagnetic pulse) is in a higher atmosphere. When the nuclear weapon detonates the radiation emission causes the effect where the air molecules are sending EMP-pulse. But there is another version of how to make the enhanced EMP burst. To the core of nuclear weapons can increase air. 

In the case that the nuclear weapon detonates inside the air core that effect increases their EMP capacity. The origin of the neutron bomb is in the idea that it can put the nuclear weapons detonated in silos. 

The problem with orbital nuclear detonations is that they are eliminating also the attacker's satellites. For that kind of operation is created the small neutron bombs which core is filled with air. That air core will increase the EMP effect of that weapon. 

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42779/chinas-claim-that-its-fractional-orbital-bombardment-system-was-a-spaceplane-test-doesnt-add-up

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyus_(spacecraft)

https://aboutspaceandtech.blogspot.com/

COVID 19 and the visions of tomorrow

COVID Delta plus variants are the things that are causing suspicion that the "delta plus" variants do not even have the same origin as the original COVID-19. There are thousands of other viruses which are looking like same as the original COVID-19. But the surface antigens of those viruses might be different. The problem with coronavirus is that it has two layers.

And the changes in the genomes of those viruses. Can cause the changes of antigens only in the inner layer. That makes detection of the changes of the genomes of the virus very difficult. The thing is that HIV is the coronavirus that is causing the horrible visions that the coronavirus can make combination there inside the regular virus is the HIV. And that thing causes a threat for the entire civilization. 

When traveling become more common that causes the new type of epidemics. The aircraft is a guarantee that viruses and epidemics are spreading faster than ever before. Quarantine orders are from the era of great sails. And that means they became old. And the destiny is in the more and more exotic countries, that thing brings a new type of viruses and bacteria also in the western society. 

The only effective thing for fighting against viruses is the vaccine. But people must take vaccines before infection. If the person is already infected the vaccine has no effect. So there is one thing that might give the change to create a vaccine against things like HIV infection. 

Some bacteria are resistant to most phage viruses. There is the possibility that the genomes of those bacteria can connect with the human genomes. There is an idea that when the human is the fetus person's stem cells are stored for the need in the liquid nitrogen. 

And if those cells can be used for stem cell therapy that guarantees that every person has stored stem cells fit that person. The stem cells can also be cloned by using the cloned DNA. The DNA will pull out from stem cells multiplied by using the PCR method. And then the DNA is injected into the other cells whose own genome is removed. 

The viruses that are infecting macrophages and other immune cells are the changed bacteriophages. The bacteriophages are the viruses that are infecting bacteria in nature. There are bacteria in nature what has resistance against a large number of bacteriophages. 

By researching this bacteria the virologists can find the answer to the HIV problem. The immune system of that bacteria can transfer to the stem cells that are creating the immune cells in human blood. So that kind of genome therapy might make us immune to HIV viruses. The idea that the genome of that bacteria is connected to the human cells might be the solution for HIV.

https://scitechdaily.com/bacteria-evolved-a-multitude-of-defense-systems-that-offer-strong-immunity-for-protection-against-viruses/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

https://webelieveinabrightfuture.blogspot.com/

Internet is the biggest opportunity. But also the biggest threat to democracy.

The internet allows to deliver information but also manipulate it in a new way. Internet is allowing that people can communicate straight with politicians. And let them know bout the difficulties and needs of society. But the same thing allows hostile actors to take contact straight with political leaders and offer them something. 

Or the hostile actor can introduce the research. That kind of faked research can tell that most people want something that is against the national interest. That thing can make simply introducing the faked polls. There is the possibility that there is no poll at all. And those kinds of things are affecting the politicians.

The media companies can be good platforms for cyber attacks. 

The thing that makes international web and social media and media operators a threat to democracy and national security is that they can act as a platform for the operations of the GRU and other intelligence services. Social media channels can use for collecting information. 

The GRU agent might just ask people where they or their family members are working. But the regular media can turn the weapon against democracy if they are in the wrong hands. Well-known and trusted media channels can turn into a propaganda factory in seconds. 

The actors like GRU or FSB can just buy media houses by using some covert company. And then they can replace the entire crew with their staff. Then the company starts to send the Russian propaganda. The fact is that the media company can deliver one-sided information on purpose or accidentally. There is a possibility that the sources that reporters use are telling lies. 

But also reporters can be the agents who are telling the version of "truth" that serves their government.  And that thing makes them very good actors in the indoctrination operations that are also called psychological operations or PSY-OPS. 

The new threats to democracy are the governmentally controlled trolls.

We live in the western world. And our world governments are protecting people. If somebody threatens us we might call the police. In the cases of hacking and trolling the police tries to track that actor. And if the actor is in a foreign land. Authorities send international arrest warrants. But then Chinese hackers attacked western facilities. They were tracked and then the Chinese authorities couldn't operate. 

The reason for that was that those hackers operated under the control of the Chinese government and worked for PLA (People's Liberation Army). Also, the cyberattacks that targeted Baltic states did not cause juridical actions in Russia. The reason for that was that the attacks happened under the control of the GRU, Russian military intelligence. 

Those cases have proven that western authorities couldn't predict and react to the situations that hackers operated under governmental control. The same way the Russian troll factory is operating under governmental control. The operator sits in Russia or China and the assistant is bringing the computer to the western world. The hacker or troller uses that remote computer for operations and that makes it difficult to prove. That attacks are coming from outside of borders. That makes it also difficult to deny that kind of attack. Because just closing the connections from those countries is not enough.  

The kill-ware or killing malware is a big threat. Maybe it's just hype, but the threat is still real. In scenarios, the malware is used to cause the disorder. Or give extra time for friendly military operators.

In the worst-case scenario, the malware shuts down the controlling computers of the nuclear power plants. That causes a need to shut down energy production. In some other scenarios, the malware destroys important databases in critical moments. 

The malware destroys the medical databases or databases that are controlling the flight of the missiles. If the users of those missiles recognize that the databases are destroyed. Replacing them requires a couple of minutes and in modern warfare, a couple of minutes is a long time.

Media can also use to deliver malware. The normal media can involve links that will cheat the user to download some software. And that kind of software can be malware. In the worst case, the malware kills people. 

The killing malware is the computer software that can kill people. That malware might be the computer virus that changes the blood types in the hospital. And that thing is the most dangerous situation if somebody needs blood transfer. 

Another version is the computer virus that raises the level of the runways. Or maybe it can shut down the engines of the aircraft and refuse to shut down autopilot. But that kind of malware can also change the programming code of the gas pedal of the automobile. And that means that the system starts to accelerate the car in the wrong place. 

There are many places where the killing malware can affect. In the nuclear or uranium enrichment process, the malware can raise the speed of the centrifuges. And that thing can cause a nuclear explosion in those facilities. The threat of that type of malware. Forces to shut down nuclear power plants. And in those cases, even the threat is enough for losing energy. 

https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/an-nsa-derived-ransomware-worm-is-shutting-down-computers-worldwide/

https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2021/10/killware-is-it-just-as-bad-as-it-sounds/

https://securityboulevard.com/2021/10/killware-hype-is-bigger-than-the-threat-for-now/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Politicians say that we made 20 times more for the environment than ever before. But is it enough?

But is it enough? When we remember the history of climate chancing. We have to know that thing. And nothing is done. Now we are facing the fact that the rains are making the cities flooding. And the question is that why we should pay for energy more than ever before? The answer is that we should make investments in green technology.

Or we must make investments in new flood dams. So we must take money for both investment targets. Or we might move away from the coastline and build a new city. The fact is that even if we will not do anything for renewing our energy source we should build protection against storms. 

And otherwise, even if we can stop the carbon dioxide emission immediately the greenhouse effect continues. Removing carbon from the atmosphere takes time. A warming atmosphere increases the clouds. That means that the visible radiation of the Sun will decrease at sea level.

 But the infrared radiation will cause the rise of the temperature in the atmosphere. And that means the temperature rises but the level of light is turning low. 

Why we must be worried about that thing? When people are saying that energy costs too much. They should realize that floods and storms are turning more common than ever before. 

The sewer systems in the cities cannot handle all flood water. And the problems with the new rains are that they are very strong. The warm weather along with the rain is the thing that is causing the strong microbe action. And in dark weather trees are not producing oxygen. They are producing carbon dioxide because they cannot make photosynthesis. 

The fact is that 99,9 percent of scientists are confessed about climate change and that most of it are caused by humans. Almost 100% of the scientists believe that human activity is caused at least most of global warming. 

But the question is why didn't react to that thing earlier? There are still people who have a "critical attitude" for those reports. But have those people ever looked outside? The fact is that climate change and global temperature rise can cause danger for the entire human civilization. 

The problem is that when the global temperature rises the dark and warm times at the polar and subpolar areas are turning longer. That is the thing that causes methane emissions to the atmosphere when the bacteria is starting to melt dead vegetables. 

Also, the bodies that are buried in the icy ground can deliver the micro-organisms to the water when they are melting. But maybe these kinds of things are some kind of panic. 

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10104511/Climate-change-99-9-studies-agree-global-warming-mainly-caused-humans.html

https://scitechdaily.com/the-changing-climates-snowball-effect-can-new-technologies-help/

https://scitechdaily.com/consensus-revisited-do-scientists-still-believe-in-anthropogenic-human-caused-climate-change/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

How do the robot and AI predict the unexpected?

People have many skills that they don't need. Many people have driven things like heavy vehicle driver's license even they never drive those things. Sometimes people have hobbies like martial arts. And they ever need those skills. 

In the same way, the programmers must think about what kind of skills the robot must have. Every skill that a robot has must determine in its programming. If the robot has many skills that make its programming complicated. 

And preparing for the unexpected causes a vision of the "shadow protocol". The thing is that the AI-controlled robot itself is a multipurpose tool. The same body can use for cleaning but also the military robot. The thing that determines the skills of the robot is the programming. So the term "shadow protocol" means that when the robot sees a trigger like the wanted person, that thing activates the attack programming in its computer. 

The robots can make an independently operating network. Or they can communicate and outsource the calculations to the computer centers. People think that drone swarms are regular things. 

The network of robots can interconnect the walking, swimming, and airborne robots to the entirety. The swimming robot can be like a torpedo that has arms. Or the man-shaped robot can have propellers under their feet. So the robots might not look like living organisms at all. 

The internet is like the fog that is connecting robots and computers to an entirety that can drive complicated AI algorithms. And also that entirety can share the data between their members. 

The most interesting thing for programming AI is how to predict to unexpected? Routine walking on the street is not a problem for the robot. The robot can use the GPS and camera systems for walking from one position to another. The camera can search the texts and then the robot finds the shop by using the text reading software. The robot should just know where to walk and how to step away. 

If the human doesn't turn away. The robot must respect the red light. And the other thing that robots must know is the regulations for traffic. In those regulations, the car must avoid a walker. And in real life, most drivers are following regulations.

But in some cases, the driver is not giving away from the walker. And for that kind of situation, the system must have programmed operational protocol. The fact is. That if some driver is dangerous the system must have changed to deny the bad things. 

The special situations are the thing that is causing problems for programmers. The robot is operating in a peaceful city serving people.  By going to shops and making routine work like cutting grass. Could see things like some driver will be drunk when that person goes behind the wheel. 

And the robot should react somehow to that kind of situation. Maybe a robot sends the data about that drunken driver to law enforcers. But what a robot makes if it sees the real danger like somebody is risking human life? The principle in robotics and AI is that the human goes always ahead of machines. 

But what if the robot sees the situation that the adult is attacking against the child. Or some other ways helpless people? Should robots have the ability to stop those kinds of actions? The thing is that this kind of extraordinary situation is causing problems for the people who are developing AI and robots. 

There are situations that regular people seldom see. But there is the possibility that the people see bank robberies or violent attacks.  The AI-controlled robots must prepare for those situations somehow. The thing is that an AI-controlled robot is a multitasking tool. 

And the same robot can deliver posts but it can also make surgical operations. Or even acting as SWAT police. The programming of those systems must prepare for that kind of situation. The fact is that things like accidents where the robot can give help are quite rare in the city areas. But what if the robot sees situations like car crashes? 

There is the possibility that robots could save a human life if they are going to help trapped people. The problem is that if that kind of situation is not determined. That causes problems in the cases that there is an accident near the robot. If this situation is not predicted in the program code the robot is just walking home carrying the shopping bags. 

If this kind of situation is not determined to program code. That makes programming easier. But if the robot is prepared for special situations that might make them more popular. And special situations are requiring more code that the robot doesn't need at all. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Quantum virtual antigravitation could be possible.

Image I

1) The new airships can fly almost in space. 

The aerodynamic- helium-filled airship can fly near space. And the speed of those systems can be as high as an aircraft. The idea for that airship is taken from the image above that is painted by David A. Hardy. 

The aerodynamic airship (lighter than an air vehicle) can cross even the speed of sound. New materials like extremely strong and lightweight carbon fibers can make it possible. That rocket-powered airship can rise to an extremely high altitude. 

If the airship uses helium or hydrogen for hovering that thing can rise even to the edge of space. And the small rocket engines can move it to any position on the ground. 

2) The ion systems might make it possible that the craft can hover above ground silently.

Image II

In Star Wars movies the famous Imperial Star cruiser of the Star Wars movies is hovering above the ground. The easiest way to make that kind of thing is just to make the aerodynamic airship. The aerodynamic airship can use rocket or jet engines. And they could be as fast as aircraft. 

The thing is that this kind of system requires quite ordinary technology. The ion engine system can use the hatch in the middle of the craft. And pump ions between the ground and the craft. The craft will hover over the ion cushion, and that thing might seem real antigravity. 

The idea is that the high energetic ions will push the craft which body is magnetized upwards. There could be two ion fields one above the craft and one below it. And those ion fields can hover the craft between them. 

The engine system will pull ions from the side and conduct them to the ground by using the ion engine. The power of that system could increase by using the pushing ion field below that craft. And the pulling ion field can make above the ground. 

And how this hypothetical star cruiser can pass the atmosphere. The system uses the rocket and ion engines for slowing its speed. And then the system can just lay over the ion cushion. 

3) The high-power electric magnets can drop to the ground. And power for those systems can deliver by using the maser rays. The system is similar but more powerful than in magnetic levitation (Maglev) trains.

Virtual antigravity means that the object hovers over the ground by using silent systems. One of the systems is the magnetic levitation train where magnets are pulling the train to levitate. The aircraft could use that kind of system a little bit differently. The aircraft can drop high-power electric magnets to the ground. And then they can use it to push the aircraft upwards. 

The power for those magnets can deliver from the aircraft by using maser rays. It is suspicious that the strange light of the UFOs is meant to point the craft in the right position just up of those magnets.

4) Neutron cloud where neutrons are acting like miniature neutron stars can make virtual antigravitation possible. 

Virtual antigravitation by using the particles that are pulling objects upward can be possible. The idea is that the particles are hovering in the quantum field like in laser ray. And then the electromagnetic radiation will point to them. That radiation stress is making them send radiation that could push objects upward. 

The system could use neutrons that are captured and positioned in the laser ray. And the extra energy can be input by using some electromagnetic radiation that makes those neutrons annealing. The idea is that the neutrons are turned to act like miniature-size neutron stars. Which energy beam is pulling the object upward. The neutrons will position between the craft and the ground. 

And that neutron radiation could explain mysteriously burning injuries. Sometimes with so-called UFO cases is seen the mysteriously injured animals that seem burned. Neutron radiation can explain those injuries. But did some governments sometimes make tests by using the engines that are hovering neutrons and annealing them for making thrust? 

5) The superpositioned electromagnetic fields can use to hover objects silently. 

Image III

In some other ideas the superpositioned electrons or electromagnetic fields. For hovering the craft. The idea is that the same polar electromagnetic fields can push the craft up from the ground. 

There is also the possibility to make two ion clouds on both sides of the craft. The other ion cloud is pushing and another is pulling the craft. And that effect can make it possible that the craft can move vertically and horizontally very slippery. 

6) Antimatter and a large number of nozzles can make the craft act extraordinarily. 

When we think that the craft can maneuver extraordinary way the system requires only that there are enough nozzles around that craft. If the system uses antimatter the annihilation reaction can happen in nanotubes. 

The high energetic annihilation reaction allows making the extremely small and effective engines. If we wish to make the imperial starcruiser that can curve like an airplane. We must only put the jet engines to the sides and somehow hover that system. 

7) The sonic whirls and sound barriers can deny the soundwave travel through that thing. 

The acoustic systems like sonic whirls and monotonic sound waves can make the barrier what the pressure impulses or sound cannot pass. If that kind of sound barrier is used around the airfields or rocket sites. That thing makes it possible to deny the noise of the aircraft and rockets. 

If the rocket is surrounded by using sonic whirl that thing makes them silent. If the power of the pressure wave is high enough. This kind of system can interest also people like Elon Musk who might want to operate his spacecraft near the city areas. But the problem is the noise. 

Image II: http://starwarsplaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Jedha-Star-Destroyer.jpg

Image III: https://www.armidaleexpress.com.au/story/6252769/tales-of-black-panthers-and-ufos/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

There are two types of AI. Machine-based and program-based AI.

There are two ways to make AI. Another way to make artificial intelligence is programming. And another is machine-based AI. Machine-based AI is made by using artificial neurons. The artificial neuron can be the microchip that has its mass memory. That mass memory has its database or table. In that table is stored the thing that the system must know. And the thing that the system must do when it faces the thing. Artificial intelligence is the group of databases.

Machine-based artificial intelligence is similar to program-based artificial intelligence. But in machine-based artificial intelligence, every table has its individual computer. When the computer finds a suitable solution it stores it in the database. And the learning happens by making new databases but also interconnecting databases. The reason why we cannot make artificial brains is that there is needed 200 billion microchips. 

One of the most futuristic versions of machine-based artificial intelligence is the atomic or ion cloud. The quantum fields and the quantum strings are acting like the membrane of the neurons. This thing can be the next step in the quantum annealing supercomputers. That kind of quantum computer can learn things spontaneously. 

The program-based artificial intelligence means that the programmer makes the network of databases. Which is includes the actions and reactions of the cases. An example of action is that the robot walks on the street. Suddenly robot notices the lamp post and changes its direction for avoiding impact. 

So the robot notices the block and makes the evasion maneuver. The problem with program-based artificial intelligence is that if the operational area of the artificial intelligence is very large that makes the program very complicated and heavy to run. 

Making the program code for the robot that walks on the streets or drives a car in cities is more complicated than making program code for some military robot submarines. In the case of the military submarine, there is needed only the code that if there is peacetime avoid the contact with other ships. 

And of course, parameters that order the submarine to keep a safe distance from underwater mountains and oceans floor are important. In wartime, the submarine needs only the targets that are allowed. Of course, there must be programmed maneuvers for the cases of sudden attacks and something like that. But routine operations for that thing are not very complicated. The number of variables is the thing that determines the complication of the programming code. 

But when the robot is driving the car. There are more variables than in the case of the nuclear submarine. The robot must know the rules of the traffic. And if the robot walks to shop and buys things that robot needs more parameters. The system must recognize the things that it takes. Of course, it can make that thing by checking QR-codes and then it can ask the product from the internet by using the computer of the shopping center. 

In that case, the robot outsources some actions to outside computers. When the master tells the robot that it must take apples the robot will connect itself to the computer of the shopping center that is telling the location of apples. And the surveillance camera can observe the actions that the robot does. 

And give instructions for the robot on what it should take. The robot must also know which force it uses for taking the eggs or open doors. If those parameters are not well-done the robot destroys eggs and everything around it.

When the battery of the robot is low. That system must find the socket and sit for a while to recharge the battery. 

The learning system would benefit the records of the past shopping. So the type of apples must not determine all the time. The system might ask about the favorite taste by using the form. Or it can send the test sample of the apples and then the person must just show which was the best. 

Then the system knows what kind of taste the customer has. If that precise apple is not for sale the system would select a similar apple. If in its database is the descriptions of the taste of apples. And of course payments and other things like being polite and avoiding impacts must determine for the system.

https://phys.org/news/2021-10-breakthrough-proof-path-quantum-ai.html

Image:https://images.financialexpress.com/2021/03/artificial-intelligence.jpg

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Are the complex numbers real?

 

"An illustration of the complex number z = x + iy on the complex plane. The real part is x, and its imaginary part is y". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit)

Are the complex numbers real?

One of the least known irrational numbers is imaginary or complex numbers. Some mathematicians are said that complex numbers are only the form of imagination. The reason for that is the complex numbers are hard to position on the number straight. 

The imaginary unit means that the number has at least two positions in the number straight. So we can think that complex numbers are the numerical and virtual introduction of the superposition. 

Imaginary numbers or complex numbers are the numbers where is the imaginary unit. When the normal number is z, the form of the complex number is z=x+yi. And the Yi is the imaginary unit. The number of imaginary units is unlimited. 

And that means that the complex numbers have two or more places in the number straight. That means the imaginary or complex numbers are the mathematical version of the superposition. So are imaginary numbers real numbers or not? The fact is that in regular calculations, we don't need those numbers.

The form of the imaginary is introduced in the forms z=x+yi or a+bi. And they are both right. The thing is that complex or imaginary numbers are irrational or virtual numerical introductions or models. And those models can use for calculating the superpositions. 

So in the physical world, the imaginary numbers are not real. Or am I somehow wrong? Even if regular people don't need complex numbers anything they can use in quantum physics for calculating the superpositions. Imaginary or complex numbers can use for calculating the positions of the qubits in quantum computers. The superposition of the qubit can calculate "very easily" by using complex numbers. 

Complex numbers are the thing that are and are not at the same time. They are important things in a very small sector of mathematics or technology. But in regular calculations and things like engineering, there is no need for those numbers. Except in one place. The superposition of the qubit is easy to calculate by using those numbers. 

In that calculation, "x" is the line of the qubit. And Yi is the number of layers of the qubit that the uses. When we are thinking about programming quantum computers. 

Complex numbers might play a primary role in complicated calculations. Those are needed for making the quantum computer operational. This thing is one example of how the area of mathematics might be otherwise useless. Can use effectively in one precise point. And that point is the most fundamental and powerful calculator in the world. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/

How to detect weak signals of the changes in the environment? That's the primary element for making predictions about trends and megatrends in the future.

The problem with weak signals is that they are not causing headings and scandals. The weak signals are the things like the development of the Internet. And that kind of thing is making the revolution in the business environment. 

Today almost everybody can have access to data that has been very difficult to get in the past. And the spies and researchers can store the data in databanks for future analysis by using a quantum computer. So we must prepare for the ultimate challenges, threats, and opportunities in society. 

Today in the digital world there is no so small actor it cannot affect the big things. Everything that we publish and share on the net has meaning. The internet has turned from data storage to a multipurpose platform that can use to control the manufacturing process of physical items. And nobody knows where the R&D (Research and Development) process is taking the net. 

The thing is that the Internet can use to control robots. And even small robots like quadcopters can control the regular network. We have used the Internet for over 20 years. And we still don't know the limits of that system. 

Prediction of the future is the key element for successful operations in the local and worldwide environment. The environment is a combination of technical, political, and laws. The opinion of the people is always important for politicians who are making laws. But the fact is that the multinational actors can outsource the non-accepted part of the production and R&D process to the nations that are outside the EU or control of the western governments. 

In things like Artificial intelligence and bio- and genetic engineering, the laws are the things that are putting limits for advancing and testing those systems. The remote-control laboratories are making the national laws useless in this kind of thing. And artificial intelligence is putting new challenges for law enforcement. 

The artificial intelligence-controlled laboratories are making it possible to operate independently when some new things are made. The remotely controlled robots can use over the firewalls. But the artificial intelligence makes it possible that the courier just brings the instructions for the product on the USB stick. And then the laboratory that can be AI-controlled can operate independently. 

But somehow the ethics-moral discussions of AI have covered the big threat for security. The drone programs of China and other nations are a good example of how effective things would turn the ultimate system.   And in authoritarian countries. There are no discussions about morals and ethics about the government. 

Every new thing includes positive and negative things. 

And that attitude is making the R&D process of weapon systems much easier than in western republics. In those countries, there are no brakes for this kind of project. There are always people who don't care about the laws. And those people can create the remote-control amphetamine laboratory in some jungle.

The question is that why we didn't ever imagine or predict things like drones. Drones are dangerous stuff in the wrong hands. And this is the thing that makes them the ultimate tool for the governmental and non-governmental actors. The same thing that can search missing persons or deliver pizzas can use as weaponized mini-helicopters. Or they can deliver drugs to customers. 

Or maybe the drug dealers can use quadcopters for carrying drugs to their clients. The idea is similar to quad-copter-based pizza delivery. Modern criminals have access to high-tech systems. 

Automatized amphetamine production can be the next-generation narcotics crime. The criminals can remotely operate the drug factory and then the quadcopters can deliver that drug to customers who can give money to the drone. If there is no money the weaponized killer drone can kill that person. So the criminals are the new threat to national security. 

Even if the systems like weaponized drones are prohibited from the army. Many private and governmental actors want to use that kind of system in their operations. 

https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/