The pocket-sized AI and humanoid robots are the ultimate compilation.

 The pocket-sized AI and humanoid robots are the ultimate compilation.

The human-looking robots are the next-generation GP (General Purpose) tools.

The pocket-sized AI and humanoid robots are the ultimate compilation.

AI means a language model that can translate spoken commands to computer programs. And it's possible. That the AI can create morphing program entirety for robots. That kind of morphing program module environment means that the robot can make its missions in multiple conditions and turn the robots more flexible. Than ever before.

In AI-based systems, the center of the system is the language model. The language model is the tool, that turns spoken words into commands. That computers understand. The language model simply transforms spoken words into algorithms that computers use to control robots and other systems. The language model makes it possible.

The system can make customized computer programs in real-time. The AI follows orders that the user gives, and then it creates new programs or modules for computers or robots, this ability means that the AI can also delete those programs when it doesn't need them anymore.

The user can connect this kind of AI device to the computer using the USB. Or wirelessly, using a BlueTooth connection.

The BMW starts to test human-looking robots in their assembly lines. Those human-looking robots can use the same tools as humans. And they can make morphing networks. Those systems can use central computers or the robots can make morphing networks with each other. In that network, robots can share their data and computer capacity over the network. And that allows the robots can operate as a unit. That means large groups of robots can operate in their entirety.

Portable AI or systems that involve language models that can connect with those systems allow to make fast changes in those robots' programming. AI- or language models that can control robots and use spoken speech could be game-changers in that kind of technology. Robots can do many things that are not possible for humans. The human-looking robots are also tools. That is interesting about researchers, space, and deep-sea explorers, and military personnel.

The human-looking robots can perform surgical operations. In those cases, human operators oversee those operations. Those remotely controlled robots can bring doctors to very remote places. The robot is only a body, and its programs determine its use of the same robot.

That operates as a gardener can operate as a surgeon if its control programs are changed. Same way robots that clean floors can be reprogrammed to combat robots. And by using man-shaped robots every single aircraft in the world can turn into a robot plane. This means also large-size old aircraft can used for kamikaze missions.

https://www.freethink.com/robots-ai/general-purpose-robots

https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/rabbit-r1-the-cute-little-pocket-size-viral-ai-device-that-can-do-everything-for-you-2487278-2024-01-11

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/01/23/the-pocket-sized-ai-and-humanoid-robots-are-the-ultimate-compilation/

Researchers can use information about the "diamond rain" on icy planets to form industrial diamonds,

   Researchers can use information about the "diamond rain" on icy planets to form industrial diamonds,

"The graphic shows the diamond rain inside the planet, which consists of diamonds sinking through the surrounding ice. Pressure and temperature continuously increase on the way deeper inside the planet. Even in extremely hot regions, the ice remains due to the extremely high pressure. Credit: European XFEL / Tobias Wüstefeld" (ScitechDaily.com, “Diamond Rain” on Icy Planets: Unlocking Magnetic Field Mysteries)

"A new study reveals that “diamond rain” on icy planets like Neptune and Uranus forms under less extreme conditions than previously believed. This phenomenon influences the planets’ internal dynamics and magnetic fields and could also occur on smaller exoplanets." (ScitechDaily.com/“Diamond Rain” on Icy Planets: Unlocking Magnetic Field Mysteries)

The diamond rain on icy planets can tell about the magnetic field. The researchers can use that information about the formation of diamond rain on Uranus and Neptune about the production of small-size diamonds, that are useful as antennas in nanotechnology and new types of optical microchips.  

The new information tells us that diamonds form because of the combination of pressure, gravity, and magnetic field. And that thing means it's possible. That researchers can form those conditions in the laboratory. The key element of diamond rain is that it forms in lower pressure or upper atmosphere than previously thought. 

"A new experiment suggests that this exotic precipitation forms at even lower pressures and temperatures than previously thought and could influence the unusual magnetic fields of Neptune and Uranus."  (ScitechDaily.com/“Diamond Rain” on Icy Planets: Unlocking Magnetic Field Mysteries)

It's possible. That researchers can copy conditions. That is on the layer where diamonds form in the laboratory chamber. If that thing is possible, the researchers can create a new way to make artificial diamonds. Previously that technology required high pressure and temperature. And that thing meant that the diamond production required high-pressure chambers.

But if "cold" technology is possible, that thing can make a new way to create industrial diamonds. Maybe the next-generation chamber for the artificial diamond is the "X-shape" wind tunnels where methane or ammonia gases flow crossing and then those molecule impacts will reduce carbon. And maybe those carbon atoms can start to collect carbon atoms from the gas flow. That involves hydrocarbon. 

It's also possible that the magnetic or laser systems can press methane or some other hydrocarbon atoms together. And then that thing removes hydrogen. Then the gas flow with those proto-diamonds starts to reduce carbon from other hydrocarbon molecules. That thing starts the growth of the carbon crystals. 

The nanocrystals can used as a stylus for scanning tunneling microscopes. The atom can hover between the layer and stylus, whose tip is the size of one carbon atom. That system can scan layers with extremely high accuracy. 

The form of those raining diamonds is interesting because they are suitable for nanotechnology. In nanotechnical antennas diamonds conduct electromagnetic radiation or pressure waves in photoacoustic systems. In photoacoustic systems, the laser rays make oscillations in the carbon atoms. And that oscillation is visible as the sound waves. That system can transmit data to the system, or it can move small particles on the layer. 

https://scitechdaily.com/diamond-rain-on-icy-planets-unlocking-magnetic-field-mysteries/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/researchers-can-use-information-about-the-diamond-rain-on-icy-planets-to-form-industrial-diamonds/

The next generation of killer drones is coming.

  The next generation of killer drones is coming. 

The success of the Bayraktar TB-2 drones in Ukraine was impressive. But the trend goes to smaller, AI-controlled fire-and-forget systems. Those systems recognize their targets autonomously. And then they can make kamikaze attacks against those targets. 

The AI is cheap. The system requires that the control software is loaded into that system. Then the operator can launch it, and escape from the launching point. The kamikaze drone can patrol over the battlefield. And when it runs out of fuel, it can attack against targets. 

The drone operator can launch the drone near its target. The image-recognition system allows the drone to operate independently. And then that drone can patrol over the target, and leave the operator time to flee. The system requires only an image of the target. When the image, stored in the drone's memory matches with camera image, the drone can dive against its targets. 

Bigger drones like Predators and Bayraktars can also transport those drones to operational areas. They can also equipped with warheads and used against large-size targets. Or they can used as decoys to uncover the enemy AA system's positions. 

The next trend in killer robots is loitering ammunition. Those systems are so-called kamikaze drones that are cruise missiles. 

Boeing Dominator is typical kamikaze-drone. The military can deliver that ammunition from manned or unmanned ground vehicles, boats,  helicopters, aircraft, another drone, or even from ballistic missiles. The size of the kamikaze drone is not limited. 

The nuclear kamikaze. 

The unmanned  F-35 Lightning II can also carry nuclear weapons and detonate them inside those aircraft. That makes them the kamikaze nukes that are deadlier than ever before. Those drones can patrol like all other aircraft, and when the orders come, that kamikaze drone attacks its target. The thing is that those nuke drones can return to base if there is no use for their weapon. 

In some visions, the unmanned F-35 Lightning II  can carry the internal nuclear bomb to target and detonate it in the aircraft. That kind of large kamikaze drone can have sub-missiles. That allows it to attack interceptors that try to defend it. 

Aquila-type drones can equipped with warheads. And the AI can find targets from the battlefield. 

Those missile's mission is to operate over the battlefield. The loitering ammunition or kamikaze drone is more effective than traditional drones like Bayraktars and Predators. 

The thing is that the large-size kamikaze drone can also carry sub-munitions like Hellfire missiles. It can use those missiles for air-defense suppression or destroy secondary targets while it travels to its main target. The bigger size drones like the retired X-47B can transport smaller kamikaze drones like the Boeing Dominator into the operational area. Or the big-size kamikaze drones can also used against large-size targets. The fact is that ballistic missiles can also shoot kamikaze drones into operation areas. 

The kamikaze drone can operate over the battlefield and send information to the drone controller. And when its fuel is empty, that system can select a target, and make a kamikaze-strike against it. The difference between this kind of kamikaze system, and traditional drones is that loitering ammunition can send data to headquarters using one-way data transportation. 

Kamikaze-drone can use selective AI to choose targets. That means the kamikaze drone uses similar AI-based target recognition systems as the Javelin missile. The drone has images in its computer's memories. Then it can select targets from its camera images. Those targets might have classification. The targets that the system can attack immediately. And targets that the system can destroy later. If there are no higher-value targets. When the kamikaze drone sees a target it marks its position for the GPS and then returns later to make the attack. Or it can attack immediately. 

That means the headquarters must not send data. And that thing makes it harder to detect the command unit, which can be a laptop and backpack-size communication unit. Or the system can communicate through modified GPS. And that means the command system can fit in the user's pocket.  The user can point to the targets by using the GPS data that the loitering ammunition sends. And follow the advance of the system using a mobile telephone. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_MQM-105_Aquila

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/the-next-generation-of-killer-drones-is-coming-ext-generation-of-killer-drones-is-coming/

Electrospray allows developers to make mobile-telephone-size engines for satellites and miniature spacecraft.

 Electrospray allows developers to make mobile-telephone-size engines for satellites and miniature spacecraft. 

The new technology is called colloid thruster or electrospray. Allows to make a new type of propulsion for miniature satellites. That technology can also be used as the guidance system for larger satellites. The system uses ionized liquid to make thrust. 

Wikipedia tells this about the colloid thruster. "A colloid thruster (or "electrospray thruster") is a type of low thrust electric propulsion rocket engine that uses electrostatic acceleration of charged liquid droplets for propulsion. In a colloid thruster, charged liquid droplets are produced by an electrospray process and then accelerated by a static electric field. The liquid used for this application tends to be a low-volatility ionic liquid." (Wikipedia/colloid thruster). 

Above: Molten Salt thruster. 

Colloid thruster. Or electrospray engine diagram. 

Above: Taylor cone. Electrospray diagram depicting the Taylor cone, jet and plume

The system can use any ion or anions that it can create. That also means salt water and Na+ Cl- ions can used as ions in ion thrusters. 

"Like other ion thrusters, its benefits include high efficiency, thrust density, and specific impulse; however it has very low total thrust, on the order of micronewtons. It provides very fine attitude control or efficient acceleration of small spacecraft over long periods." (Wikipedia/colloid thruster)

In a colloid thruster, the system sprays ionized liquid into the ion engine through small tubes. Those tubes are called Taylor cones. The idea is simple. The system sprays ionized liquid to the engine through a layer. Where are the small holes. The system releases those ions into the chamber. Between that layer and acceleration net. 

Nanotechnology can make this kind of system more effective. "Known as ATHENA (Adaptable THruster based on Electrospray powered by Nanotechnology), this system is one of three currently being developed by ESA to harness electrospray propulsion for space. ATHENA relies on conductive ionic-liquid salts as a fuel. This liquid flows through nano-textured conical emitters to be accelerated between an emitter and an extractor operating at different electric potentials. The interaction between the surface tension of the liquid and the applied electrostatic field forms ions that can be sprayed out at very high speeds (on the order of 20km/s), creating the force to move the satellite." (ScitechDaily.com/“Electrospray” Technology: Palm-Sized Propulsion for Future Space Missions)

Then the magnetized net above that layer pulls those ions through the net. There could be multiple layers of net. In some visions, the net that pulls ions through it is the graphene layer, where there are some magnetized metals. If the layer below the net also repels the ions or anions, that thing will increase the speed of those ions. The problem with ion engines is that their forward impacting force is weak. 

In some visions, the ion engine will operate "the opposite way" when it requires more thrust. In that model, the ion cannons will shoot ions to the network or layer that acts as the sail. The idea is like in some Donald Duck cartoon, where a propeller pushes air to the sail. When ions push structure from inside. That structure acts like a sail. The problem is the heat that those ions will create. This kind of pushing ion engine requires a thermal pump-like laser-based system that pulls heat away from the layer. 

The thing that makes this type of ion engine interesting is that they are not very big. There is the possibility that the ball-shaped structure will be covered by using that kind of ion thruster. That thing makes this ball-shaped craft "very highly" maneuverable. But the problem is the weak thrust. But as I wrote before, the system requires something that it can push. 

https://www.matsusada.com/application/ps/electrospray/

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-molten-salt-colloid-or-ILIS-based-thruster-as-a-simplified-schematic-diagram_fig3_348599889

https://scitechdaily.com/electrospray-technology-palm-sized-propulsion-for-future-space-missions/

https://www.wired.com/video/watch/this-is-dawn-the-first-interplanetary-explorer-to-use-ion-propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid_thruster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thruster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_cone

The Dyson's spheres.

 The Dyson's spheres. 

Artist's impression of a Dyson Sphere around a distant star

If some civilization wants to make megastructures they must have a motive for that project. 

First I must say. That Dyson's spheres are not only hypothetical megastructures. If some civilization decides to make a megastructure it needs a very good motive for that project. In some visions, the giant particle accelerator would be a more realistic megastructure than Dyson's sphere. The accelerator would be like a ring around the star. That kind of system could be billions of times more powerful than some Hadron particle accelerators can be. 

Futurologists connected Dyson's spheres to Kardashev type 2 civilizations. Or sharper we can say that Dyson's spheres would be the product of a hypothetical late-type 2 civilization. The motive for making that kind of civilization would be to solve overpopulation problems. And the civilization will make those Dyson's spheres just before it starts interstellar traveling and turns into Kardashev type 3 civilization. 

The Kardashev type 2 civilization can benefit 100% of their star's energy production. But those civilizations cannot yet handle interstellar traveling. If we think that Kardashev type 2 civilizations have the motive and technology to make those Dyson's spheres they could make impressive structures. 

But when civilization starts to conquer its solar system it must choose the way how to make that thing.  It can use natural planets. The problem with natural planets is that they can involve things like bacteria that can cause epidemics. Another version is that civilization benefits from artificial structures like O'Neill cylinders. Those cylinders offer a sterile place for living. 

Regarding Type II Civilizations, Kardashev mentioned Dyson’s concept and cited his original paper. (Interesting Engineering/Is it time to rethink Dyson Spheres?)

But when we think about the hypothetical Kardashev type 2 civilization and its motive to make Dyson's spheres, one of those motives could be to solve the population problem. The giant Dyson's sphere can also used to collect energy for the spacecrafts that the civilization will send to conquer the entire galaxy. But anyway, Dyson's sphere would be a giant project. Civilization must destroy planets from their solar system using antimatter bombs to get material for those megastructures. 

Where does Kardashev's type 2 civilization require Dyson's spheres? In some visions, the sphere is a large group of giant particle accelerators. The star will feed that structure with energy. And those particle accelerators will make time dilation in that structure.  

Benefiting 100 % of the energy of the star is not an end in itself. When we are searching for civilizations, we must realize that things like Dyson's spheres would be extreme projects for Kardashev type 2 civilizations that can benefit 100% of their star's energy. Civilization requires some kind of motive for those megastructures. But if those civilizations can make the Dyson's spheres they could adjust their star's brightness. Another thing that this type of megastructure can make is that civilization can create artificial stars by using those megastructures. The system pulls ions in the Dyson's spheres. And then it presses them with magnetic fields and antimatter explosions that happen in its shell. Theoretically, that thing can make an artificial star. 

Dyson spheres are hypothetical megastructures that close entire stars in them. That kind of giant sphere allows civilizations to use 100% of their star's energy. Similar structures can collect energy from black holes and make civilization immortal. Or the civilization's existence is connected to the fate of the universe. But when think about those hypothetical megastructures, we always forget one thing. The civilization will not necessarily want to use 100 % of their sun's energy. And another thing is that there are other ways to produce lots of energy, than just closing some stars in the ball-shaped structure. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/time-to-rethink-dyson-spheres

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder

"Orca" is the U.S NAVY's first large-scale AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)

   "Orca" is the U.S NAVY's first large-scale AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) 

Run silent, run deep. 

In images, the U.S. Navy's full-scale automatic submarine uses diesel-electric engine systems. But it's possible. Some drone submarines can be equipped with nuclear reactors. Nuclear Nuclear-powered drone submarines are not impossible to make. 

The submarine is an excellent platform for AI-driven automatized driving and weapon systems. The submarine is closed, normally, quite large, and capable of using nuclear power. That means submarines can carry supercomputers that can run complicated code. Years there have been rumors that some full-scale submarines operate under AI-controlled algorithms without the need for any humans on board. Those rumors about fully automatized, nuclear-powered, drone submarines are not confirmed, but the submarine would be an excellent platform also for powerful supercomputers, as I wrote earlier. 

The "Orca" is the next-generation robot submarine created by Boeing-company. The highly versatile artificial intelligence that is connected with weapon control makes "Orca" one of the most powerful. And interesting tools in the navies. The drone submarine can be the response to the Russian Status-6 Multipurpose Ocean System (MOS). That nuclear-powered torpedo can patrol underwater. The detonation of the 100 mt. hydrogen bombs can destroy large land areas. The underwater nuclear detonation can create a tsunami, and the pressure can travel years in the underwater canyons with power, that can destroy even a submarine's hull. 

The unmanned systems are problematic. Their operational time is virtually unlimited. And things like the crew's nutrients are not limiting the operational time. The AI-controlled hunter-killer drone submarines can follow the Status-6 or suspected Status-6 systems. And when they detect that thing, the automatized systems can open fire and try to knock out those doomsday torpedoes. The fact is that the Orca itself could carry a similar underwater nuke with Status 6. The thing is that the AI-controlled hunter-killer submarines can shoot torpedoes and missiles against hostile targets. But those systems can also carry internal weapons that they detonate near enemy harbors. 

In pictures "Orca" carries only mines. And its diesel-electric system. But in crisis, that kind of submarine can carry other weapon systems. And maybe there are plans to create a nuclear-powered version of "Orca". Also Royal Navy has a full-scale robot submarine project called "Manta". That project is the testbed for similar technology developed for "Orca". The submarine is one of the most secretive weapon systems in the world. 

Those dark cigars that patrol unseen in seas do not tell their position to outsiders. In the military world, the operators and builders of those systems tell only what they must tell. And that makes those systems mysterious to outsiders. So "Orca" and other underwater drone systems can be more deadly than nobody thought. Complicated AI. Along with highly advanced technology and high automatization. Makes those submarines unknown also for their operators. 

https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/boeing-delivers-first-orca-xl-submarine-drone/

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/12/boeing-delivers-first-orca-xluuv-to-u-s-navy

https://www.navylookout.com/manta-the-royal-navy-gets-its-first-extra-large-autonomous-submarine/

https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/boeing-delivers-first-orca-xl-submarine-drone/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orca_(AUV)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status-6_Oceanic_Multipurpose_System