Miniaturized, atom-size quantum computers base the Rydberg-atoms. The system uses superpositioned and entangled electrons in its electron orbitals to transmit data. The problem with quantum entanglement is that the outside system must separate the radiation that the quantum entanglement sends. If the system cannot read the information, the system is useless. That's why quantum testers use exotic atoms because their radiation is easier to separate from their environment.
The very problematic thing is how to detect errors in the system. The Anyon-particle that remembers where it has been can be an answer. The idea is that Anyon-particle will be used to transmit information back and forth in the quantum system and its environment. Sending a qubit from one point to another is a very easy process. The system can shoot them with the ion cannon. But the problem is how to confirm that the qubit is not changed.
"Figure 1. Conceptual diagram showing muonic atoms and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects. An international team of researchers has successfully conducted a proof-of-principle experiment to verify strong-field quantum electrodynamics with exotic atoms. The experiment involved the use of high-precision measurements of the energy spectrum of muonic characteristic X-rays emitted from muonic atoms using a state-of-the-art X-ray detector. Credit: RIKEN" (ScitechDaily.com/Electrifying Exotic Atoms: Pioneering Quantum Electrodynamics Verification)
When the quantum system sends information from the transmitter to the receiver. It requires information on the energy level that the transmitter system used when started downloading information to the qubit. Without those variables, the receiver cannot download information from the qubit. If the quantum system uses a multi-state qubit
We must realize, that every state is a different qubit. The system must not use too high energy levels because in that case, the state with too high energy levels will cover all other states under it. The system requires information about every each of its qubit states that it can control them. The problem is that outcoming energy can affect the qubit. And that thing can remove the ability to restore information from the qubit.
The system can use Anyon-particles to transmit information between transmitter and receiver, and that particle can confirm that nothing affects information when it traveled between the receiver and transmitter. In that case, the system can use two anyon-particles. That can confirm that the information between the transmitter and receiver is not changed. The transmission of information in quantum systems is two-way. The input system and output systems require two-way communication.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-create-elusive-particles-that-remember-their-pasts-20230509/
https://scitechdaily.com/electrifying-exotic-atoms-pioneering-quantum-electrodynamics-verification/
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